Correlation analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test indices and conditions of overweight patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The cardiopulmonary function of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is significantly lower than that of patients with simple snoring and is significantly related to the severity of OSA. Currently, only a few studies have been conducted on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in overweight patients with OSA. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) indices and the condition of overweight patients with OSA. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. METHODS: This study included 73 hospitalized overweight patients. The patients were divided into no, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. Differences in the CPET indices among the four groups were compared. The correlation between the CPET indices and conditions was analyzed. RESULTS: No, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups had 18 men and 5 women, 11 men and 3 women, 12 men and 2 women, and 21 men and 1 woman, respectively (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in resting pulmonary function among the four groups (P > 0.05). In the CPET, the anaerobic threshold, maximum oxygen uptake, and oxygen pulse were significantly lower in the severe OSA group than those in the normal OSA group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CPET indices negatively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index. CONCLUSION: Changes in CPET indices occurred earlier than changes in resting pulmonary function in patients with OSA. CPET might be a potential method for evaluating the severity of OSA combined with overweight status.

Lychee seed saponins improve cognitive function and ameliorate hippocampal neuronal injury in Alzheimer disease rat model induced by Aβ25-35 through AKT/GSK3β pathway / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Lychee seed, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice. However, it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins (LSS) can improve the cognitive function and associated mechanisms. METHODS In present studies, we established the Alzheimer disease (AD) model by injecting Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricle of rats. Then the spatial learning and memory abilities of LSS- treated rats were evaluated with the Morris water maze, meanwhile the protein expressions of AKT, GSK3β and Tau in the hippo?campal neuron were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed LSS can improve the cognitive functions of AD rats through shortening the escape latency, increasing the number across the platform, platform quadrant dwell time and the percentage of the total distance run platform quadrant. The protein expression of AKT was significantly up-regulated and that of GSK3β and Tau were decreased remarkably in the hippocampal CA1 area. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that LSS significantly improve the cognitive function and prevent hippocampal neuronal injury of the rats with AD by activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, suggesting LSS may be developed into the nutrient supplement for the treatment of AD.

Fluorescent Detection of p-Nitroaniline Based on an Anionic Pyrenyl Probe / 分析化学

p-Nitroaniline ( PNA) was one kind of highly toxic aromatic amine and becomes an environmental pollutant in recent years. Here we reported the construction of a fluorescent sensor based on an anionic pyrene, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS), for the rapid and visual detection of PNA in aqueous media. The fluorescence quenching of HPTS caused by the presence of PNA was through non-covalent interactions. A good linear relationship between fluorescent intensity of HPTS at 512 nm was obtained in the range of 10-120 μmol/L. The detection limit (3σ) of this approach was 4. 6 μmol/L. The results showed that the method was suitable for rapid detection of PNA in real samples with good sensitivity, selectivity, anti-interference, low cost and easy operation.

Fluorescent Detection of p-Nitroaniline Based on an Anionic Pyrenyl Probe / 分析化学

p-Nitroaniline ( PNA) was one kind of highly toxic aromatic amine and becomes an environmental pollutant in recent years. Here we reported the construction of a fluorescent sensor based on an anionic pyrene, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS), for the rapid and visual detection of PNA in aqueous media. The fluorescence quenching of HPTS caused by the presence of PNA was through non-covalent interactions. A good linear relationship between fluorescent intensity of HPTS at 512 nm was obtained in the range of 10-120 μmol/L. The detection limit (3σ) of this approach was 4. 6 μmol/L. The results showed that the method was suitable for rapid detection of PNA in real samples with good sensitivity, selectivity, anti-interference, low cost and easy operation.

Application of three-dimensional finite element method in different dental restorations / 口腔疾病防治

@#Three-dimensional finite elemennt method (3-D FEM) is an approach to simulate the intraoral environment by fabricating virtual model in computer software, to provide various options of restorations according to the requirements of study, and finally to give relevant mechanic data for clinical reference by stress analysis. 3-D FEM has been applied in stomatological research more and more widely in recent years. This review has summarized the applications of 3-D FEM in various kinds of dental restorations.

Enhancing the Core Competitiveness of University Students through Simulative Employment Training Course / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore the validity of simulative employment training course on enhancing the core competitiveness of university students.Method We investigate the students with simulative employment trainin, graduates and recruiters through interview, symposium and questionnaire survey. Results The comprehensive quality and occupational capacity of students that completed simulative employment training had been improved. In the simulative employment training course,98%students thought their interview skills had been promoted, 90%recruiters were satisfied with the students,95%graduates who had worked consider that the simulative employment training were helpful. Conclusions Simulative employment training is effective for enhancing the core competitiveness of university students.

Molecular mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid inhibitory on the growth of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell line / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory on the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell line (QBC939).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>QBC939 cells were cultured in different groups and treated with GABA, GABA + bicuculine (A receptor antagonist), GABA + phaclofen (B receptor antagonist) for 48 hours. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of QBC939 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI binding assay was used to detect apoptosis in the QBC939 cells. Western blot was applied to check the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phosphorylation-STAT3 (p-STAT3) proteins in different groups of QBC939 cells. Animal models of cholangiocarcinoma bearing nude mice were established by subcutaneous injection of QBC939 cells and randomized into 2 groups: control and GABA-treated groups. The effect of GABA was evaluated after 5 weeks, including the body weight and tumor volume. The expression of p-STAT3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in xenograft tumors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT and FCM assays both showed that the effect of GABA inhibitory on the proliferation (15.30% ± 0.80% vs. 2.66% ± 0.74%, t = 23.15, P = 0.00) and induced apoptosis (23.15% ± 0.21% vs. 4.30% ± 0.69%, t = 52.40, P = 0.00) of QBC939 cells could be antagonized by phaclofen, but not bicuculine. The expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 proteins were all observed in the QBC939 cells and GABA significantly down-regulated p-STAT3 protein expression (0.77 ± 0.00 vs. 0.45 ± 0.01, t = 63.14, P = 0.00), this action was also antagonized by phaclofen (0.45 ± 0.01 vs. 0.76 ± 0.01, t = 56.25, P = 0.00). Xenograft tumor volume ((0.62 ± 0.03) cm³ vs. (0.34 ± 0.03) cm³, t = 13.45, P = 0.00) and the expression of p-STAT3 protein were significantly decreased in GABA-treated group as compared with control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GABA may inhibit the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells QBC939 through GABA(B) receptor, and down-regulation of the p-STAT3 expression perhaps is one of its anti-tumor mechanisms.</p>

Expression of WW domain containing oxidoreductase gene in cholangiocarcinoma and its effect on the biological behavior of cancer cell line RBE / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of anti-oncogene WWOX on cell growth of cholangiocarcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of WWOX protein was detected with immunohistochemical method-SP in 54 patients with cholangiocarcinoma from July 2005 to May 2010 and 12 samples of normal bile duct tissues. The recombinant WWOX eukaryotic expression plasmid was introduced into RBE cells by liposome-mediated transfection and positive cell clones were selected and amplified. The mRNA and protein expressions in RBE cells stably transfected with WWOX were investigated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot before and after transfection. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT, cell apoptosis was assessed by FCM, the alteration of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) was detected by JC-1 staining method, cell invasion was determined by Transwell chamber assay. The expression change of bcl-2, bax, FasL, caspase-3 mRNA and protein was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of WWOX protein was significantly lower in cholangiocarcinoma than that in normal bile duct tissues and loss of WWOX protein expression was found in 40.7% of cholangiocarcinoma specimens (P < 0.05). RBE cells with stable transfection of WWOX were established. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of WWOX mRNA was significantly enhanced and Western Blot demonstrated that WWOX protein expression was markedly increased. MTT showed that WWOX gene transfection significantly decreased the proliferation of RBE cells (P < 0.05). FCM analysis showed that the apoptosis rate after transfection was significantly promoted [(1.1 ± 0.6)% vs. (1.7 ± 0.5)% vs. (35.2 ± 4.4)%, P < 0.01], JC-1 staining method indicated that the experimental group was loss of ΔΨm [(12.6 ± 1.9)% vs. (13.6 ± 1.8)% vs. (48.7 ± 2.9)%, P < 0.01], transwell chamber assay showed that the number of transfected cells that passed the transwell membrane was significantly less than those of control groups (77 ± 6 vs. 72 ± 8 vs. 48 ± 6, P < 0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and protein was markedly decreased and the expression of bax, caspase-3 were significantly increased. There was no significant change in the expression of FasL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WWOX exerts its antitumor effect against proliferation through inducing cell apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma.</p>

Clinical study on intravenous lidocaine suppressing fentanyl-induced cough / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on suppressing fentanyl-induced cough and determine a safe suppressing dose.Methods Two hundred patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to four groups evenly.The following medications were given within ten seconds:normal saline 10ml (groupⅠ,control group),lidocaine 1 mg/kg (groupⅡ),lidoeaine 1.5 mg/kg(groupⅢ),lidocaine 2mg/kg (groupⅣ).Toxic symptoms of lidocaine were recorded within lmin after the administration of lidocaine,then fentanyl 3?g/ kg was given intravenously within 5 seconds.Cough incidence and cough grade were recorded within 2rain after the administration of fentanyl.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rates (HR),and satu- ration of pulse oximeter(SpO2) were recorded during different time points of induction,all recorded data were anal- ysed by the statistical software,P value